Load data for 7mm 08. Apr 7, 2018 · Varget and 140 grain Accubonds was around 2750f...

7mm-08 Rem - 120 grain No sler BA RE L ength /Mak 100% 92

89.284" 7mm Spitzer BTSP 7mm Spitzer SP Hot-Cor® 7mm Grand Slam® SP/CANN Weight (grains) 160 Ballistic Coefficient 0.519 0.504 0.389 Sectional Density 0.283 COAL Tested 2.800" 2.760" Speer Part No. 1634 1635 1638 …Depriming and priming must be done by hand. If cases were formed from cases having boxer-type primers, use the appropriate Shell Holder for that caliber. (4) not available. (5) Auto 4X4 Shell Plate not available. (6) Auto 4X4 and Five-Station Shell Plates not available. Ammo Box size code: SR=Small Rifle, MR=Medium Rifle, LR=Large Rifle, MP ...In the rifle cases, 5744 is well-suited to the .17 and .22 Hornet, .222 and .223 Remington, as well as the 7mm-08 Remington, .308 Winchester and the WSM family. It will serve as a reduced-load powder choice in the aforementioned big-bore cartridges and is an optimum choice in those larger black-powder cartridges, such as the .45-70 Government …7mm 08 Ackley Improved load data #11786318 01/31/17. Joined: Nov 2013. Posts: 3,569. Western VA. Dude270 OP. Campfire Tracker . OP. Dude270. Campfire Tracker. Joined: Nov 2013. Posts: 3,569. Western VA. I scratched a long time itch for a 7mm08 AI in the classifieds this evening and now I need some load data. loads and …7 mm Remington Magnum - Published Manufacturer Loading Data. Shellholders: Hornady #5. Lee #5. Lyman #13. Recipe Type: Rifle. Reduced Load. Bullet Weight:I had a great 7mm-08 load with the 160 AB, using IMR 4350. Was getting 2525fps, or something like that. It was a wicked accurate load, but I think I looked at numbers and decided that the 140 actually makes more sense. They didn't make it back then, but the 150 would likely be an excellent bullet as well. In any case, accubonds are …402. Location. Wyoming. I used to shoot 139 sst out of my 7-08. They were Hornady Superformance factory loads, and the shot well and the bullets held together better than Ballistic Tips. I went to handloading though, so I never did figure out what the load was. FWIW, I shoot 140 grain Accubonds out of a Tikka 7-08 now and it likes 40ish grains ...Complete data for the new Bench Mark 8208 rifle powder INTRODUCING Australian Outback Ammunition: The only Australian factory manufactured ammunition with Ballistic Temperature Independence MORE DATA Over 400 additional loads WORLD -CLASS POWDERS AND AMMUNITION www.adi-powders.com.au. IN THE BATTLE SINCE …7mm-08 Remington (Using 139 GR Hornady Bullets) reloading data with 65 loads. Using bullets from Hornady GMX, IB, SST, BTSP or SP. Powders include Accurate, IMR, Hodgdon, Alliant, Vihtavuori, Winchester 1. Never begin loading with the maximum powder charge shown in these reloading data tables, regardless of your experience. 2. Never exceed maximum loads because excessive chamber pressure will result. 3. Discontinue firing at the first sign of excessive pressure or upon noticing a change in the. report of the firearm.Jul 15, 2021 · 7mm-08 is an underrated cartridge. Extremely accurate. The factory ammo available cripples it IMO. It will shoot those 160-170 class for sure, not sure on the bullets above that as far as velocity and twist rate. To wake it up though, you need to reload for that cartridge. 127 posts · Joined 2014. #18 · Feb 14, 2020. I load for five different 7mm-08 and settled on 140-145 gr bullets. Best powder I've found so far for that weight is RL-17 and IMR-4350. I have a solid load for 140 gr Nosler Partitions, Accubond and Sierra Game Kings: 45.6 grs I-4350, CCI BR-2 Primers and Lapua Brass.7mm-08 Remington (Speer Reloading Manual #14) reloading data with 154 loads. Using bullets from Speer TNT HP, Speer HP, Speer Spitz SP or Spitz BTSP, Speer Spitz BTSP, Spitz SP, Match BTHP or GS SP, Speer Spitz BTSP, Spitz SP, MT SP or GS SP, Speer MT SP or GS SP. Powders include IMR, Alliant, Winchester, Hodgdon, Vihtavuori, AccurateThe 7mm-08 drops 15.4, 33.9 and 61.4 inches and drifts 6.3, 11.5 and 18.5 inches under the same conditions and at the same ranges. The 7mm-08 also delivers about 172 foot …The IMR brand commitment to bring new and legendary powders to the handloader is a never-ending process. In 2003, Hodgdon Powder Company acquired the IMR brand bringing these prestigious powders under the umbrella that also includes Hodgdon, Winchester, Accurate, Ramshot, and more. Any gunpowder required by handloaders can be sourced …7mm-08 Remington (Swift Data) Warning! Notes: case: Remington; primer: Remington 9 1/2; test barrel: Wiseman; barrel length: 24"; barrel twist: 1-9 1/2"; never exceed maximum load; loads less than minimum charges shown are not recommended. Be Alert: Publisher cannot be responsible for errors in published load data. Wt. Bullet. Powder Manufacturer.Gunpowder Charge Weight Velocity m/s Velocity fps; Norma 204: Max 84.9 Min 82.0: 1102 1066: 3615 3498Explore the world of Nosler, renowned for crafting the finest bullets, ammunition, rifles, and brass. Discover our extensive lineup, including Partition, AccuBond, E-Tip, Ballistic Tip, Custom Competition, and more. Experience superior …7mm-08 Remington (Using 168 GR Nosler Bullets) reloading data with 6 loads. Using bullets from Nosler Custom Competition HPBT. Powders include IMR, Alliant ... Be Alert: Publisher cannot be responsible for errors in published load data. Wt. Bullet: Powder Manufacturer: Powder: Charge: Velocity (FPS) 168: Nosler Custom Competition HPBT: …7mm-08 Remington (Swift Data) Warning! Notes: case: Remington; primer: Remington 9 1/2; test barrel: Wiseman; barrel length: 24"; barrel twist: 1-9 1/2"; never exceed maximum load; loads less than minimum charges shown are not recommended. Be Alert: Publisher cannot be responsible for errors in published load data. Wt. Bullet. Powder Manufacturer.^^^ that is the exact data I am using. Trying it out in my 6.5 CM loads. Working on the start of load development for it now. Have some rounds loaded up ranging from 40.2g to 42g. Using Hornady 140 ELD. Will post up my velocities in the near future. Probably will be about a week before I can get out and get that done.45 Caliber / .451” Diameter. 45 Auto (ACP) 45 Colt (Single Action Army & Replicas) 45 Colt (Ruger & T/C Contender & Encore) Explore the world of Nosler, renowned for crafting the finest bullets, ammunition, rifles, and brass. Discover our extensive lineup, including Partition, AccuBond, E-Tip, Ballistic Tip, Custom Competition, and more.Apr 6, 2010 · Here are the results of my reloading efforts so far. Using the Hornady 120gr SP bullet with Fiocchi brass necked down to 7mm-08. I started out with 36.8gr of H4895 and worked my way up half a grain at a time to 40.8gr. Accuracy was dismal the whole way up. IMR 4831 has a slightly slower burn rate speed than IMR 4350. It provides top velocities and performance with heavier bullets in medium-sized magnums. IMR recommends always consulting www.IMRReloading.com for the most accurate, up-to-date data. Available in 1-LB and 8-LB containers.Aug 27, 2010 · The 7 mm-08 Rem. shoots well with the entire range of 0.284-inch big-game bullets from 120 to 175 grains. When shooting 120-grain bullets, the 7 mm-08 Rem. is like a not-so-little .270 Win.... Anyone here loading 7mm-08 with Win 760 and 139/140gr bullets? I'm looking to load the 139gr Hornady SST's, and the load data is quite different between Hodgdon and Hornady. Hodgdon lists a range of 45.5-47.0gr with the 139gr Hornady bullet, and Hornady lists 40.1-48.9gr. They both seem to agree that 45.5-47.0gr will put you in …Posts: 2,929. RE: Best powder for 7mm-08. Sierra manuals list imr 4064 as the best powder for a hunting load with the 140gr bullet at 2800fps The most accurate powder with that bullet was 748 at 2700 fps ,this was out of the 12 powders tested .The only problem with that is your gun might not shoot the same or if you change bullet weights …In my 7mm-08, it's awesome! Never found a better combination than 7-08, 140 grain bullet and Varget (42.5 grains=2850 fps). My 7-08 Mountain Rifle shoots 140 ABs at 2730 with 43 grains of Varget. Even with the skinny barrel, it'll shoot 3 into about .75" if I let the barrel cool between shots.Oct 15, 2009. 632. 316. I have a T-3 in 7mm-08 also and killed a nice buck with mine last year. I loaded 120 BT's over Varget. I've never loaded it for elk, but I know it's an easy cartridge to load for otherwise. The Tikka's …Aug 14, 2012 · Most suitable bullets for the 7mm-08 are in the 130-150 grain range. 130’s zip out at just under 3000fps, 140’s at 2850, and 150’s at about 2780. You could go heavier to a 160, but they’re really best used with the bigger 7mm remington magnum as the bullets get long enough that they start cutting into your powder capacity inside the case. The load data indicates that the 7mm-08 can push the 175-grain Nosler Partition to over 2,600 fps with StaBall 6.5; I got 2,615 fps with three-shot groups printing 1.1 inches at 100 yards. Those 175s are certainly long and can eat up a bunch of room inside the case; using a ball powder will help combat that fact.May 10, 2019 · Most of the factory loads for the 7mm-08 Remington are built around the 120-, 140- and 150-grain bullets, though there are some heavier loads available, using 160-grain and sometimes heavier bullets. For the handloader, there is a wide world available as far as bullet choices go, and the 7mm-08 case has proven to be a very efficient design ... 1. to pass out or sleep on a mattress that is not the one you normally sleep in; 2. often involves sleeping on a mattress placed in a bathroom or shower room; 3. often involves the process of puking, peeing, or crapping yourself, or a combination of the three--also known as the trifecta. Re: 7-08 and the 130 gr. Speer Hotcor. Aug 14, 2012 · Most suitable bullets for the 7mm-08 are in the 130-150 grain range. 130’s zip out at just under 3000fps, 140’s at 2850, and 150’s at about 2780. You could go heavier to a 160, but they’re really best used with the bigger 7mm remington magnum as the bullets get long enough that they start cutting into your powder capacity inside the case. 7mm-08 Remington (Barnes Reloading Manual #4) reloading data with 104 loads. Using bullets from Barnes TTSX FB, Barnes TSX BT, Barnes TSX BT, MRX BT or BND SPIT, Barnes TSX FB or MRX BT, Barnes TSX FB. Powders include Alliant, Hodgdon, Winchester, IMR, Accurate, Ramshot, Vihtavuori3,049. 1,598. in Denise's 7mm-08 I'm loading 39.0 grains H4895 , cci200 primer , rem brass , 120 grain nosler ballistic tip . it shoots under an inch at 100 yards , with a velocity of 2716 FPS . using quickload , the recoil matches a max load 243 , shooting 100 grain bullets . I've done a fair amount of reduced loads .7mm-08 Remington Suggested Bullet Use Suggested Bullet Use 140-grain TSX BT Sectional Density .248 Ballistic Coefficient .394 C.O.A.L 2.735” 140-grain …drakehammer. My recent favorite deer rifle is the 7mm-08. I have used the 120gr NBT with MV of ~3075 fps from my 7mm-08 for my last four bucks. All of them went over 150# on the hoof with the biggest @ 200#. All shots have been between 50 to 100 yards broadside directly into the shoulder or just behind the shoulder for 100% DRT …Jan 3, 2017 · You should work up you own powder charges anyways, but in my 7-08 I've always started a grain or two below published data. Mine is a Rem 700 Mountain Rifle with a B&C stock. 22" factory barrel. Win brass for all loads. Primer is Fed 210 currently. 120gr Seirra flat base, H4350, less than 1/2 MOA. Lehigh Defense Load Data Library. Browse a list of Lehigh bullets data for reloading. View the Specifications of all bullets - cartridge, technology, weight, etc ... 7mm-08 Remington: Controlled Chaos: 142: VIEW: 04452300SP.452 diameter, 300 grain Wide Flat Nose Bullets (50 count) 45 Colt: Match Solid: 300:Reloading - Loads for 7mm-08 - Just wondering if some of you guys would post some loads for the 7mm-08. I will be hunting whitetails and using 139gr Hornady SST. Just wanted to know what some of you thought was a good load for whitetails.. Thanks Creeks_Ridges. ... The best load for the 7mm-08 useing ANY 139gr bullet is 43.2gr of …Jul 15, 2021 · 7mm-08 is an underrated cartridge. Extremely accurate. The factory ammo available cripples it IMO. It will shoot those 160-170 class for sure, not sure on the bullets above that as far as velocity and twist rate. To wake it up though, you need to reload for that cartridge. 43.8 gr. 41.2 gr. Speer. Grand Slam SP. Any brand-Large Rifle. Details. A database of 7mm-08 Remington handloads. Refer to the current SPEER® Reloading Manual for handloading instructions. Be ... 7mm-08 Remington START CHARGE 2724 2707 2705 2772 2769 2739 2725 Oct 29, 2018. Messages. 3,768. Fullquiver said: 7x57's because of older military rifles run at much lower pressures. Yes, but with modern brass they have a higher case capacity than a 7-08, and load data in various manuals tends to show loads for a 7-08 from 0-1grs lower than loads for a 7x57 using the same bullet.They don't list the A-tip in the load data for the match, so I used 175smk data. Don't do that! 46.0 is max for 175smk @2.800 I loaded up to 45.6 with the 176 A-tip @ 2.875 This was way to hot & lost 2 of 5 primers. This was also in a 18" AR Start well below 45.0 for Staball Match with the 176 a-tips & that's if your loading long 2.875+Joined. Jul 26, 2017. Messages. 5,831. Feb 26, 2021. #2. I've not loaded the 140 Berger in the 7mm-08 but the problem i had was trying to get enough extruded powder like 4350 in the case to reach its max potential. I ended up using Win 760 for my wife's with a 140 NP at 2960FPS in a factory 700 24" barrel. L.Jul 15, 2020 · Posts: 73. Central Pennsylvania. I've been loading for a new model 70 for in 7mm-08. So far it shoots well provided the bullets are 140 grains and the powder is IMR 4350. Velocity with 46grs and a 140 Nosler BT is 2600fps over my chronograph. 47grs and a 139gr Hornady flatbase is 2700. Accuracy is around an inch or slightly over at 100 yards. 7 mm - 08 Remington - Published Manufacturer Loading Data Shellholders: Hornady #1 Lee #2 The new Remington 7mm-08 specified a maximum case length of 2.035" and a maximum cartridge length of 2.80". The correct bullet diameter is .284". MAP is 52,000 cup. All major U.S. ammunition manufacturers offer 7mm-08 factory loads. Remington, for example, loads a 120 grain spitzer bullet (SD .213) to a MV of 3,000 fps and ME of 2,398 ft. lbs. 2,692. Remarks: compressed load; most accurate load tested. 7mm-08 Remington (Using 140 GR Nosler Bullets) reloading data with 30 loads. Using bullets from Nosler. …May 10, 2019 · Most of the factory loads for the 7mm-08 Remington are built around the 120-, 140- and 150-grain bullets, though there are some heavier loads available, using 160-grain and sometimes heavier bullets. For the handloader, there is a wide world available as far as bullet choices go, and the 7mm-08 case has proven to be a very efficient design ... 7mm-08 Remington (Speer Reloading Manual #14) reloading data with 154 loads. Using bullets from Speer TNT HP, Speer HP, Speer Spitz SP or Spitz BTSP, Speer Spitz BTSP, Spitz SP, Match BTHP or GS SP, Speer Spitz BTSP, Spitz SP, MT SP or GS SP, Speer MT SP or GS SP. Powders include IMR, Alliant, Winchester, Hodgdon, Vihtavuori, AccurateFirst decide what your intended target will be for this load. Then pick the best bullet for that purpose. I said 170 and that a good weight to help fight the wind on the longer range shots. Then you look up load data in your reloading manual. Start with the minimum load, load 5 rounds of that charge. Then go up .5 grains, another 5, and so on ...Nov 25, 2015 · I've got 3 different 7mm-08's . the tikka I use IMR 4064 with a 139 hornady BTSP . when I get some of the IMR 4064 used , I'm going to give RL17 a try . in the remington RL17 with a 140 berger hunting VLD . the X-bolt I use a slightly reduced load of H4895 with a 120 ballistic tip . these are all accurate loads . 7 mm - 08 Remington - Published Manufacturer Loading Data Shellholders: Hornady #1 Lee #2 The 7mm-08 drops 15.4, 33.9 and 61.4 inches and drifts 6.3, 11.5 and 18.5 inches under the same conditions and at the same ranges. The 7mm-08 also delivers about 172 foot …7 mm - 08 Remington - Published Manufacturer Loading Data Shellholders: Hornady #1 Lee #2 I am verifying 7mm-08 hunting loads using Winchester Staball 6.5! Let's make sure the rifle and loads are still on!7mm-08 Rem 139 gr. CX™ Superformance®. Increase your rifle's performance up to 200 fps without extra chamber pressure, recoil, muzzle blast, temperature sensitivity, fouling, or loss of accuracy. Superformance ® uses progressive propellants that take your favorite V-MAX, ® NTX, ® SST, ® CX,™ and InterLock, ® bullets to levels of ...Joined. Jul 26, 2017. Messages. 5,831. Feb 26, 2021. #2. I've not loaded the 140 Berger in the 7mm-08 but the problem i had was trying to get enough extruded powder like 4350 in the case to reach its max potential. I ended up using Win 760 for my wife's with a 140 NP at 2960FPS in a factory 700 24" barrel. L.Reloading Data 7mm-08 Remington (Hodgdon Data) Metallic / 7mm-08 Remington (Hodgdon Data) reloading data with 260 loads. Using bullets from Barnes XFB, Speer HP, Nosler BT, Sierra HPBT, Hornady SP, Swift SP, Speer SP, Barnes TTSX BT, Speer SPBT, Hornady A-Max, Nosler Part. Powders include Hodgdon There are two reduced recoil factory loads available for the 7mm-08. The Remington Managed Recoil load uses a 140 grain Core-Lokt PSP bullet at a MV of 2360 fps. The MPBR (+/- 3") of this load is 230 yards. The Hornady Custom Lite load uses a 120 grain SST bullet at a MV of 2675 fps. It has a MPBR (+/- 3") of 260 yards. Hornady #1 Lee #27mm-08 Remington (Using 168 GR Nosler Bullets) reloading data with 6 loads. Using bullets from Nosler Custom Competition HPBT. Powders include IMR, Alliant ... Be Alert: Publisher cannot be responsible for errors in published load data. Wt. Bullet: Powder Manufacturer: Powder: Charge: Velocity (FPS) 168: Nosler Custom Competition HPBT: …Jul 28, 2013 · 7mm-08 load data. Thread starter SagebrushSlayer; Start date Jul 27, 2013; Jul 27, 2013 #1 S. SagebrushSlayer Active member. Joined Aug 4, 2010 Messages 474 Location ... Re: Cast Bullets for 7mm-08. « Reply #5 on: December 09, 2014, 01:57:24 am ». I don't have a full power load for that particular bullet, but I have a really great reduced load. 8.5 grains of Red Dot to start, working your way up toward a MAX of 10.0 by tenths. The best accuracy seems to be around 9 grains +/-.Lehigh Defense Load Data Library. Browse a list of Lehigh bullets data for reloading. View the Specifications of all bullets - cartridge, technology, weight, etc ... 7mm-08 Remington: Controlled Chaos: 142: VIEW: 04452300SP.452 diameter, 300 grain Wide Flat Nose Bullets (50 count) 45 Colt: Match Solid: 300:Jun 22, 2010 · Re: 7mm-08 and Heavy Target Bullets Bohem, Yes, I considered the better 6.5mm's and their ballistics are marginally better, but the 7mm's are not slouches. And 6.5 bullets are a few bucks cheaper. But 7mm-08 brass is cheaper/better, and Lapua 308's neck down to 7mm very nicely. 2,692. Remarks: compressed load; most accurate load tested. 7mm-08 Remington (Using 140 GR Nosler Bullets) reloading data with 30 loads. Using bullets from Nosler. …Gunpowder Charge Weight Velocity m/s Velocity fps; Norma 203-B: Max 44.0 Min 42.0: 938 886: 3077 2907Jul 15, 2020 · Posts: 73. Central Pennsylvania. I've been loading for a new model 70 for in 7mm-08. So far it shoots well provided the bullets are 140 grains and the powder is IMR 4350. Velocity with 46grs and a 140 Nosler BT is 2600fps over my chronograph. 47grs and a 139gr Hornady flatbase is 2700. Accuracy is around an inch or slightly over at 100 yards. Feb 11, 2020 · Rem 700 7mm-08. I own and load for my Rem700 7mm-08. I prefer 42 gr H4895 with 140 gr Nosler Accubonds and/or Partition and gotten devastating results on south LA whitetail. The Accubond load shoots 1” groups @ 100 yds and drop 2.5” at 200 yds. I’ve used 41 gr of Varget with similar results. Jun 19, 2021 · Nov 7, 2012. Messages. 7,173. Location. S. UTAH. I am loading for a 7mm-08 for the first time and using H4350 because its what I have and people seem to do well with it. I am using new Lapua brass and 139gn Interbonds. Hodgdon shows a starting load of 47gn and a max of 50gn. I started at 47 and am already compressing the load a tiny bit. Complete data for the new Bench Mark 8208 rifle powder INTRODUCING Australian Outback Ammunition: The only Australian factory manufactured ammunition with Ballistic Temperature Independence MORE DATA Over 400 additional loads WORLD -CLASS POWDERS AND AMMUNITION www.adi-powders.com.au. IN THE BATTLE SINCE …Complete data for the new Bench Mark 8208 rifle powder INTRODUCING Australian Outback Ammunition: The only Australian factory manufactured ammunition with Ballistic Temperature Independence MORE DATA Over 400 additional loads WORLD -CLASS POWDERS AND AMMUNITION www.adi-powders.com.au. IN THE BATTLE SINCE …May 10, 2019 · Most of the factory loads for the 7mm-08 Remington are built around the 120-, 140- and 150-grain bullets, though there are some heavier loads available, using 160-grain and sometimes heavier bullets. For the handloader, there is a wide world available as far as bullet choices go, and the 7mm-08 case has proven to be a very efficient design ... 7mm-08 Rem - 120 grain No sler BA RE L ength /Mak 100% 92% 88% 90% BC PRIMER TYPE 83% 8% 84% 106% 102% 108% 104% ** = Compressed load “ Because Nosler, Inc. has no control over the actual components selected, the manner in which they are assembled or the condition of the firearm used, no responsibility, either expressed or …1. Never begin loading with the maximum powder charge shown in these reloading data tables, regardless of your experience. 2. Never exceed maximum loads because excessive chamber pressure will result. 3. Discontinue firing at the first sign of excessive pressure or upon noticing a change in the. report of the firearm.Jan 20, 2013 · Idaho, USA. IMR4895 is a perfect match for the .308 and 150 grain bullets. If somewhere between 44 to 46 grains doesn't shoot straight something is wrong with the rifle. It should give right around 2800 fps from a 22" barrel. Do start lower, though. The Sierra manual tops out at 43.7 grains, Nosler at 44.5, Speer at 45 and Hornady at just over 46. . In my 7mm-08, it's awesome! Never found a bettJun 26, 2020 · If it did, it would have a value of 1.0. Most rifl 3,049. 1,598. in Denise's 7mm-08 I'm loading 39.0 grains H4895 , cci200 primer , rem brass , 120 grain nosler ballistic tip . it shoots under an inch at 100 yards , with a velocity of 2716 FPS . using quickload , the recoil matches a max load 243 , shooting 100 grain bullets . I've done a fair amount of reduced loads .Reloading Data. Reloading. Get the most performance from Federal components by using our carefully developed, high-performance reloading data. We are currently populating the cartridge drop-down menu with updated cartridge renderings, new propellants and bullets, and links to complementary product pages. Here you will find load data for some of ... IMR is an acronym for Improved Military Rifle. The first IMR reload INDICATES MAXIMUM LOAD — USE WITH CAUTION Rifle Data 7mm RC 162-166 GRAIN BULLETS SECTIONAL DENSITY: 0.287-0.294 DIAMETER: 0.284" 162 gr. InterLock® BTSP Item No. 2845Welcome to the new Castpics Load lookup. This database has 6400 loads for cast bullet loads. Data can be searched by cartridge name, powder name, and bullet weight. You may wish to peruse the list of cartridges first as many times the difference in 45-70 and 45/70 may mean finding data or drawing a blank. 1. Select Filter by Cartridge or Powder to ...

Continue Reading